Executive Dysfunction and Depression in Pediatric Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: The Contribution of Hippocampal Sclerosis and Psychosocial Factors - Volume 24 Issue 6 - William A. Schraegle, Nancy L. Nussbaum, Jeffrey B. Titus The relation between residual executive dysfunction and social malfunctioning in late-life depression should be addressed in future research. The executive dysfunction that often comes with dementia can lead to depression and isolation. Therefore, it is possible that interactions exist between gender and other drug use among ecstasy users, which was not examined in the current sample. Given the cross sectional design, however, it is not possible to determine the direction of the relationship (e.g. A waiting-list control group condition experience greater functional compromise than de- meeting ethical standards would have required frequent pressed elderly patients with comparable severity of de- contact, support, and encouragement of the subjects. The relationship is complex and adds to the disability [3]. both depression and executive dysfunction (depression-executive dysfunction syndrome, DES) may form a distinct patient group, with poor functional progno-sis and specific treatment options. does executive dysfunction lead to depression or does depression lead to executive dysfunction). The purpose of this review is to clarify which aspects of executive functioning predict poor antidepressant treatment response. ‘Depression-executive dysfunction syndrome’ is a more specific and descriptive term to describe the cognitive deficits found in older adults with depression 14. From our review, the aspects of executive functioning that appear to be associated with antidepressant … Executive dysfunctions can play an important role in the persistence of depressive symptoms. Executive dysfunction is a major problem for people with all kinds of mental illness, myself included. A number of treatment strategies can help, even when executive dysfunction is progressive. OBJECTIVES Depression has been found to be associated with dysfunction in executive processes, whereas relatively automatic processes are thought to remain intact. Severity of depression: A 24-Item HDRS above 19; Level of Executive Dysfunction: Two strata within each age stratum: Stroop Color-Word scores below and above 24 (1 SD below the median of our normal elderly sample). Executive dysfunction—sometimes called executive function disorder, or EFD—may appear similar to ADHD; indeed, some experts posit that ADHD is itself a disorder of executive function. ExecutIve dysfunction in depression: A study of prefrontal dysfunction . Psychology Definition of EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION: An impairment in our ability to think in the abstract and to plan, initiate, monitor and to stop complx behaviour. Methods. However, the association between apathy/depression and these tasks is unclear. ... Accomplishing even the simplest of goals can require a Herculean effort with executive dysfunction ("Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction"). Executive dysfunction is common in older adults with major depression and is associated with poor course of illness and worse clinical outcome. Executive dysfunction is commonly seen in major depression. Objective To examine, first, whether the co-occurrence of executive dysfunction (ED) and poststroke depression (PSD) shows different associations with neuroimaging markers and the course of depression and executive function, and second, whether it is associated with a different course on other cognitive domains and quality of life. The executive dysfunction subscale of the FrSBe, 18 both self and other-rated (by the RA) served as the ratings-based measure of DB and has a Cronbach’s alpha of .92. Executive functioning is a list of skills that allow a person to organize, pay attention, and more. A relation was found between the cognitive control disorder and the level of depressiveness. Contact us: UCL Department of Experimental Psychology 26 Bedford Way London WC1H 0AP United Kingdom +44 (0) 207 679 5332 The relationship is complex and adds to the disability [3]. Executive dysfunction depression. Brain areas with decreased metabolism and/or perfusion in major depressive disorder have been reported to involve the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, depression-related executive dysfunction is more pronounced during advanced age. Studies have shown a correlation between cerebrovascular lesions and executive dysfunction in depression among the elderly. In geriatric major depression, executive dysfunction, but not memory impairment, was a predictor of poor or slow antidepressant response, 20 early relapse and recurrence, and subsyndromal depressive symptoms. The dual task paradigm is also useful for assessing divided attention. AB - Background: Apathy and depression may be strongly associated with executive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impairment in these skills is called executive dysfunction. Executive dysfunction may vary as a function of the severity of depression. Identification of patie … Literature review. Experiencing a brain injury, suffering a stroke, or sustaining damage from Alzheimer’s can also cause a loss of executive functioning. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the neuropsychological presentation of geriatric depression and to determine whether depression-related executive dysfunction is more pronounced during advanced age.METHOD: The attention and executive functioning of 40 adults with major depression were compared with those of 40 healthy comparison subjects; 20 subjects were … As executive dysfunction in depression has been associated with worse response to pharmacological treatment , different treatment strategies targeting executive dysfunction are warranted (such as problem solving therapy or new pharmaceuticals). It was hypothesized that depressed subjects, regardless of age, would perform more poorly … EXECUTIVE dysfunction, including disturbances in planning, sequencing, organizing, and abstracting, has been reported in late-life depression. Assessing executive function can help determine a patient’s capacity to execute health care decisions and discharge plans. 18 Indicators of depression included The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (21-item), 24 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 31 and the Neuroticism Extroversion Openness- Five Factor Inventory neuroticism subscale (NEO-N). The patients with depression demonstrated a significant impairment of executive functions. Future studies are necessary to … 21 WMH were found to be associated with executive dysfunction 11 and to predict chronicity of geriatric depression.22, 23 Hypometabolism of the rostral anterior cingulate was … Executive dysfunction is common in Major depression and includes problems with planning, organizing, sequencing, shifting, information processing speed, and maintaining information in working memory [1,2]. Further, the men in this sample demonstrated heavier alcohol, marijuana, and opioid use, which were each significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and executive dysfunction in this sample. The test commonly used for executive function in psychiatric disorders is the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) [4]. The aim of the present study was to focus on executive functions in remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, and to investigate whether remitted young and elderly patients show different patterns of executive dysfunction, and to ascertain the … Moreover, depression-related executive dysfunction is more pronounced during advanced age. Diagnosis: Major depression, unipolar (by DSM-IV criteria); or, for control subjects, no diagnosis of major depression, no history of depression or other psychiatric conditions. Psychomotor retardation describes a slowing of movement and mental activity 19. Executive dysfunction in geriatric depression has been shown to predict poor response to antidepressant medication. The test commonly used for executive function in psychiatric disorders is the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) [4]. METHOD: The attention and executive functioning of 40 adults with major depression were compared with those of 40 healthy comparison subjects; 20 subjects were 20-60 years old, and 20 were > or =61 years. Executive dysfunction in geriatric depression. Understanding the causes of executive dysfunction in depression is clinically important because cognitive impairment is a substantial contributor to functional impairment. Executive dysfunction defined: Executive function is an interrelated set of abilities that includes cognitive flexibility, concept formation, problem solving, and self-monitoring. November 2012; Acta Neuropsychologica 10(4):499-508; DOI: 10.5604/17307503.1030211. Also called disturbance in executive Authors: Daniela Nunes. The importance of distinguishing between early- and late-onset depression in aging is emphasized, considering that both have distinct cognitive/neurological profiles and different treatment trajectories. Executive dysfunction is common in Major depression and includes problems with planning, organizing, sequencing, shifting, information processing speed, and maintaining information in working memory [1,2]. It is associated with psychomotor retardation, which can be a core feature of depression in this population 7,14,18. People with ADHD, depression, Autism Spectrum Disorder, or learning disabilities often have executive functioning weaknesses. Our subjects had rather se- tients with major depression and executive dysfunction vere depression. Common Executive Dysfunction Issues. The current study utilized a cross-sectional approach to examine the association between depression and executive dysfunction. Failure to generate or implement adequate performance strategies has been postulated in depressed participants. Executive function is a psychological term that refers to processes related to the conscious control of thoughts and actions.2 Executive dysfunction is caused by other mental health conditions that impact the brain’s frontal lobes. The types of executive deficits seen in depression include problems with planning, initiating and completing goal-directed activities. Results. Difficulty with executive functioning has also been associated with adult Bipolar Disorder and OCD. The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is an instrument for assessing executive function. It commonly refers to impairments in planning, organization, and problem-solving.1 Treatments include various styles of 1 Disorders of the basal ganglia and their prefrontal projections are often complicated by depression and result in executive dysfunction. However, the neuroanatomical correlates of executive dysfunction, or DES, are still not well established. In addition, a subset of geriatric depression is also characterized by. Lockwood KA(1), Alexopoulos GS, van Gorp WG.
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